Introduction to scientific notation
In standard form, numbers are written in the form $a\times10^b$a×10b, where $a$a is a number between $1$1 and $10$10 and $b$b is any integer (positive or negative) that is expressed as an index of $10$10. If you need a refresher on how to multiply or divide by factors of 10, click here.
Remember
- A negative power indicates how many times smaller the $a$a value will be.
- A positive power indicates how many times larger the $a$a value will be.
- A zero power indicates that the number will not change because $10^0=1$100=1.
Examples
Question 1
What value should go in the space?
$300=\editable{}\times10^2$300=×102
Think: Let's write this expression without standard form.
Do:
$10^2$102 is equivalent to $10\times10$10×10 or $100$100. So we can rewrite the question as:
$300=\editable{}\times100$300=×100
So the missing value is $3$3 because $3\times100=300$3×100=300.
Question 2
Given that, $\frac{1}{10}=1\times\frac{1}{10}$110=1×110$=$=$1\times10^{-1}$1×10−1, express $7\div10^{-1}$7÷10−1 in standard form form.
Think: How do we use this given relationship to solve this question?
Do:
| $7\div10^{-1}$7÷10−1 | $=$= | $7\div\frac{1}{10}$7÷110 |
| $=$= | $7\times10$7×10 | |
| $=$= | $7\times10^1$7×101 |
Question 3
If we round to $1$1 significant figure, sound travels at a speed of approximately $0.3$0.3 kilometres per second, while light travels at a speed of approximately $300000$300000 kilometres per second.
Express the speed of sound in kilometres per second in standard form.
Express the speed of light in kilometres per second in standard form.
How many times faster does light travel than sound?
Click here to learn more about writing values using standard form.